Illiberal Reactions to Higher Education
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract Higher education has expanded at astonishing rates around the world. We seek to understand oppositions that periodically arise, which may produce enrollment declines and/or imposition of political controls. The post-1945 growth higher was – a greater extent than is often recognized propelled by liberal, and later neoliberal, international order. Oppositions arise from illiberal alternatives, also organize globally. recent weakening global liberal order, associated with growing populism nationalism, creates conditions for new wave oppositions. hypothesize attacks on emerge in countries less integrated into world society linked structures support alternatives. examine cross-national data over period 1960–2017. Enrollments funding are societies more tightly lower tied organizations. Analyses enrollments various fields, constraints academic freedom, terrorist institutions show similar pattern. Finally, we observe heterogeneity forms opposition: suppress freedom generally likely restrict enrollments.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Minerva
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2530-6480', '0213-9634']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-022-09472-x